Respiratory System and Artificial Ventilation: Paperback and Kindle Edition
Respiratory System and Artificial Ventilation: Paperback and Kindle Edition
Author by:
Umberto Lucangelo
Paolo Pelosi
Walter A. Zin
Andrea Aliverti
Format: Kindle Paperback and Edition
Print Length: 300 pages
Publisher: Springer; 1 edition (December 20, 2007)
Language: English
ASIN: B001CSG9TA
ISBN-10: 884700764X
ISBN-13: 978-8847007642
Books Description
This book reviews respiratory performance, selected mechanical ventilation modes, and treatment strategies. Fellows, other senior trainees, and practitioners managing critically ill patients with respiratory concerns are an appropriate audience for this work which comes from a multidisciplinary group of authors in Western Europe and a small number of presenters from the United States. Contemporary thinking is well represented in this collection of reviews on pulmonary physiology and selected clinical topics.
Contents
Contributors
List of Abbreviations
Properties of the Respiratory System
- Control of Breathing
- Elastic and Resistive Properties of the Respiratory System
- Flow Limitation and its Determination
- Intrinsic PEEP and its Determination
- Interactions Between the Pulmonary Circulation and Ventilation: An Overview for Intensivists
- Monitoring of Respiratory Mechanics in the ICU: Models, Techniques and Measurement Methods
- Pathophysiology of ARDS
- Ventilator-Associated Lung Injury
- Controlled Mechanical Ventilation in ARDS
- The Open Lung Concept in Cardiac Surgery Patients
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Nosocomial Pneumonia
- Prone Ventilation To Prevent Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
- Prone Positioning of Patients with ARDS
- Prone Ventilation in Trauma Patients
- Advanced Modalities in Negative-Pressure
- High-Frequency Percussive Ventilation
- Non-invasive Ventilation in Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure and COPD or ARDS
- Non-invasive Respiratory Assistance in Paediatric Patients
Chapter 1
Properties of the Respiratory System
Control of Breathing
F.B. Santos, L.K.S. Nagato,W.A. Zin
Introduction
The physiological control of the respiratory system is unique among organ systems. Breathing is essential to life and must occur 24 h a day, 365 days a year, in the conscious or unconscious state, awake or asleep. At the same time, humans and other mammals need to be able to temporarily interrupt the normal pattern of breathing to perform other functions, such as eating and vocalising [1]. The voluntary and involuntary control of the respiratory system is unequalled and a very complex process. This chapter will appraise some relevant issues to improve clinicians’ understanding of the normal mechanism of breathing and its possible disorders in disease.
Respiratory Control Components
Ventilation is constantly monitored and adjusted to maintain appropriate arterial pH and PaO2. This homeostatic control system requires a set of sensors, a central controlling mechanism and an effector arm to carry out its commands (Fig. 1). Afferent information from sensors modulates the central command of respiratory muscles [2]. The brain constantly receives information from the upper airways, lungs and chest wall and decides how the ventilatory pump will respond.
Respiratory Sensors
Afferent input into the central system is provided primarily by groups of neural receptors, either mechanoreceptors or chemoreceptors. The latter respond to alterations in PaO2, PaCO2 and pH.
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