Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Evidence-Based Approach to Practical Management

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus:: An Evidence-Based Approach to Practical Management
Contemporary Endocrinology)
Edited by
Mark N. Feinglos, md, cm
M. Angelyn Bethel, md



Product Description

As the global epidemic of diabetes continues to expand, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is predicted to double in the next 20 years. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Evidence-Based Approach to Practical Management addresses this problem by expertly synthesizing the currently available evidence regarding specific issues in diabetes care. Written by an interdisciplinary team of scientists and medical professionals and comprising a wealth of information in a single resource, the book integrates the best evidence for the full range of clinical issues surrounding the evaluation and treatment of type 2 diabetes, including comorbid conditions such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and vascular disease. To quantify the strength of evidence supporting current practices, each chapter highlights related conditions, including fatty liver disease, pregnancy, and polycystic ovarian syndrome, and also addresses barriers to treatment, including stress, depression, and patient motivation.

Hardcover: 474 pages
Publisher: Humana Press; 1 edition (May 8, 2008)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 1588297942
ISBN-13: 978-1588297945

Contents:
Preface
Contributors
Color Plates

1. Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes;  Jonathan E. Shaw and Richard Sicree
2. Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus;  Jack L. Leahy
3. Metabolic Mechanisms of Muscle Insulin Resistance;   Deborah M. Muoio, Timothy R. Koves, Jie An, and Christopher B. Newgard
4. Fat Metabolism in Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes;  Hélène Duez and Gary F. Lewis
5. Detection and Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes;  Adrian Vella
6. Therapies for Delay or Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes;  Mary Angelyn Bethel
7. Postprandial Hyperglycemia;  Vasudevan A. Raghavan and Alan J. Garber
8. Medical Nutrition Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes;  Melinda D. Maryniuk and Mary Jean Christian
9. Exercise as an Effective Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes:  Leslie A. Consitt, Kristen E. Boyle, and Joseph A. Houmard
10. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Evidence-Based Approach to Practical Management: Noninsulin Pharmacological Therapies;  Ildiko Lingvay, Chanhaeng Rhee, and Philip Raskin
11. The Transition from Oral Agents to Combination Insulin/Oral Therapy;  Matthew C. Riddle
12. Intensive Insulin Therapy in T2DM;  Steven V. Edelman
13. Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes;  Philip E. Cryer
14. Type 2 Diabetes and Concomitant Illness: The Prepared Practice;  Kathleen Dungan, Elizabeth Harris, and Susan S. Braithwaite
15. Adherence to Practice Guidelines for People with Diabetes Mellitus;  Marideli Colón Scanlan and Lawrence Blonde
16. Treatment of Hypertension in Type 2 Diabetes;  David C. Goff, Jr. and William C. Cushman
17. Lipoproteins in Diabetes: Risk and Opportunity;  John R. Guyton
18. Management of Coronary Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus;  John L. Petersen and Darren K. McGuire
19. Peripheral Vascular Disease and Stroke in Type 2 Diabetes;  Robert G. Mitchell and Brian H. Annex
20. Obesity and Its Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes; Frank L. Greenway and William T. Cefalu
21. The Liver in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Anna Mae Diehl and Steve S. Choi
22. Developing Criteria for Defining Type 2 Diabetes in Pregnancy; Lois Jovanovic and Seanna Martin
23. Metabolic Complications of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Tracy L. Setji and Ann J. Brown 
24. Erectile Dysfunction in Diabetes; Andrew J. M. Boulton
25. Sexual Dysfunction in Women with Type 2 Diabetes; Ann J. Brown and Kathryn P. Lowry
26. Depression in Type 2 Diabetes; Miranda A. L. van Tilburg, Anastasia Georgiades, and Richard S. Surwit
27. Atypical Forms of Type 2 Diabetes; Vinaya Simha and Abhimanyu Garg
28. Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and Stress: Pathophysiology and Treatment; Bryan C. Batch and Richard S. Surwit
29. Pharmacologic Factors Affecting Glycemic Control; Lillian F. Lien and James D. Lane
30. Influencing Self-Management: From Compliance to Collaboration; Martha M. Funnell and Robert M. Anderson

Index
 
Chapter 1:
Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes
Jonathan E. Shaw and Richard Sicree

CONTENTS
Introduction
Global and National Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes
Summary
References

Summary

This chapter reviews a number of aspects of the epidemiology of type 2 diabetes, and the evidence relating to the major issues. There is strong evidence for a rising epidemic of diabetes in many countries of the world, although the prevalence and incidence of diabetes varies markedly among regions, countries within regions, and by ethnicity. Some of the increase in prevalence is attributed to increased survival with the condition, but it is likely that there is a genuine increase in incidence, associated with lifestyle changes, such as reduced exercise and particularly increased obesity. This also seems to be causing the appearance of type 2 diabetes in new groups, such as children and adolescents, although the older population remains the most affected.

The material linking obesity with type 2 diabetes is overwhelming, as prevalence and incidence studies have both shown strong associations among many ethnicities, and intervention studies have shown benefits of life style modification, through exercise and diet. Specific dietary factors: lower dietary fibre, higher total and lower polyunsaturated fat have all been linked to higher diabetes incidence. These lifestyle factors are closely linked with economic situation in the community, and there is a contrasting pattern between developed and developing countries, such that diabetes is more common amongst the least affluent in developed countries, but increased affluence currently seems to be associated with diabetes in developing countries.

Key Words: Diabetes epidemiology; obesity; ethnicity; adolescent; life style; complications.

INTRODUCTION

Over the last 50 yr, changes in lifestyle have led to a dramatic increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in virtually every society around the world. Reductions in physical activity, increases in dietary intake, and the aging of the population are key factors in bringing about this rapid change. The westernization of diet and of other aspects of lifestyle in developing countries has uncovered major genetic differences in the susceptibility of different ethnic groups to type 2 diabetes. This is most readily apparent in Pacific islanders and indigenous populations in North America and Australasia, among whom type 2 diabetes has gone from being almost unheard of 100 yr ago, to affecting up to 30% of the adult population today. As the prevalence of type 2 diabetes has increased, the age of disease onset has also decreased. The traditional paradigm of type 1 diabetes affecting children or young adults and type 2 diabetes affecting the middle-aged and elderly is starting to change. The increasing numbers of young adults, and even children, who are presenting with type 2 diabetes is blurring the distinction between the 2 types of diabetes and heralds a much longer time for people with type 2 diabetes to develop debilitating complications.

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